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Thinking in 3D…

By Paul Gray – Director, European TV Research

I was at a Panasonic Europe press event recently, which included a 3D TV demonstration.  The setup used a very large double frame rate display, which then was synchronized with LCD shutter glasses to offer discrete left and right images using interleaved views, which the brain subsequently re-assembles into depth perception.

I also recalled a recent discussion about 3D cinema, which is showing steady growth (some would argue an explosion, as seen in Figure 1) and how many digital cinema screens were being commissioned.  Digital cinema has a lot to offer Hollywood-not least being the ability to adjust dynamically what is being screened at which cinema-so no longer should there be empty screens for an unpopular movie and not enough screens for a sold-out surprise hit.  The cinema could add extra showings and re-configure its schedule at very little notice, without the constraints of creating extra celluloid prints.

Figure 1:  3D Movie Releases in Recent Years (2009 includes movies scheduled for release.)

3d movie releases

Source: 3dmovieslist.blogspot.com

At the end of the demonstration I removed my glasses, just to experience how the superimposed views looked.  At this point I remembered a conversation at our HD conference last year that most movie piracy was still by low-tech means, specifically by hand-held video recording at cinema showings.

The image was so unwatchable that I wondered if actually this was the underlying reason for 3D movies:  a kind of Macrovision copy protection for cinemas.  If this is one of the main motivations, then the 3D trend will accelerate sharply and 3D content can be expected to proliferate quickly.

  • http://www.legitinova.com Giz

    I don’t buy the copy protection angle. This could be easily circumvented:
    For polarized showings, two recorders would film the presentation, one with a horizontally polarized filter, the second with a vertically polarized filter.

    I don’t think we’ll be seeing much of the active shutters in theaters anytime soon, if at all. It appears that Real has been chosen.

  • Lotus

    When can we see a 3D films without the glasses?

  • http://www.displaysearch.com Paul Gray

    The technique is more involved than just two polarisations. The glasses use LCD shutters (as I said) which switch the left and right eyes in antiphase. The screen portrays at 120Hz alternating left and right views. The glasses are synchronized by an infra-red timing pulse and have a detector on the front located on the nose bridge, to ensure that the correct image is presented to the correct eye. It’s quite interesting to cover the detector and see the images go all wrong when the clock in the glasses runs free and loses sync.
    You are correct that this could be overcome by fitting the camera with a pair of glasses, but all this raises the bar and the two sequences then have to be interleaved again. All this is possible, but piracy is in general a low-tech business.
    As far as I know the pirates are still using the camera technique because they earn their money by offering recent releases before a DVD or Blu-Ray is available.

    As for 3D without glasses, assuming the question is about cinema screenings, I suspect that the answer is ‘not for a long time’ as Digital cinema uses a projection technique, and all the 3D techniques I have seen which remove glasses rely on an active display, not a simple reflective screen.

  • Lotus

    Yes,It rely on an active display.We need a very huge displayer for a none glasses 3D cinema.

  • Bob O’Brien

    I agree that copy protection is one reason for going 3D, but I don’t believe it’s the main reason. What does the studio gain with this copy protection? It means that people in areas of rampant piracy (China, Russia, etc.) will not be able to buy and view pirated DVDs. Does this mean that these people will therefore watch the movies in 3D cinemas? Unlikely, they won’t have 3D cinemas accessible, at least not in the near term.

    No, the main reason for going 3D is the promise of higher revenues in theaters in developed countries. There’s some good evidence that 3D movies will pull in higher revenues. The studios hope that before too long they can also get 3D in a packaged disk format, so they will not lose too much in the sales-to-home market.

  • http://www.displaysearch.com Paul Gray

    I agree that cinema copy protection is not the be-all and end-all of 3D. It occurred to me that it was an interesting and unmentioned advantage of the technology.

    The film industry seems to be learning from the disaster and hitting piracy on all fronts – partly by making it harder, but also by shortening release windows to reduce the pirates’ window of opportunity.
    D-cinema’s ability to turbocharge the distribution process still looks to be its most significant innovation.

    With hyper-competition still prevailing in TV setmaking, I fear that 3D will not be a simple transition and rival coding formats will have to fight it out. Anyone for a Format War ?